![]() On the other hand, he might be thinking I was some sort of cheat trying to perpetrate a fraud. What did it matter anyway? I had an adjunct faculty member who truly believed in cold fusion, after all, and perhaps this machinist truly believed in perpetual motion. I thought to explain that there is no such thing as a perpetual motion machine, but decided that I might offend the only machinist who seemed willing to help me. I really didn't know how to take his reaction. He looked at me oddly, as if wondering why anyone would build a fake perpetual motion machine. ![]() " No," I replied, " this isn't a real perpetual motion machine. " If this is a perpetual motion machine you need a really low friction, precision bearing." " Oh, I'll find something," I said, and a couple of days later I returned with a sloppy little bearing that would probably do the job. The owner of the machine shop pointed to a bearing in the plans and asked what type it was. I drew up plans and delivered portions to a local machine shop. I thought of a machine that would appear to run without an obvious source of power, but which in fact derived power from a well disguised coil which absorbed energy from the building wiring. I was head of an engineering transfer program at the time, and I wanted a corridor demonstration that would be intriguing to the public. I made an entertaining misstep when I once tried to enlist the help of a machine shop to build a 'perpetual motion' machine. In this last endeavor I was not successful. I pulled it together from lecture notes for my sophomore engineering students, sans the mathematics, along with portions of letters I sent in hopes of convincing some science writers that their columns missed the essence of perpetual motion. This is not meant to be a technical discussion. The Snowpiercer has a perpetual motion engine.Copyright (c) 1992, 1999 All Rights Reservedīecause this is such a lengthy HTML document, I have arranged index marks which the reader can access through the list of contents, below. If T was less than the temperature of the water, the paddle wheel might be made to go only in one direction, but in doing so, it would make use of energy from the temperature gradient, which does not violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics. If the temperature T of the ratchet and pawl were the same as that of the water, the tiny pawl would intermittently fail, and no net motion would occur. Thus, through using a simple ratchet, which might consist of a pawl that engages sloping teeth of a gear, the paddle spins forever! However, Feynman himself showed that his Brownian Ratchet must have a very tiny pawl to respond to the molecular collisions. Because of the one-way ratchet mechanism, when molecules randomly collide with the paddle wheel, the wheel can turn only in one direction and can presumably be used to perform work, such as lifting a weight. Richard Feynman’s Brownian Ratchet, discussed in 1962, was a tiny ratchet attached to a paddlewheel that is submerged in water. More generally, perpetual motion often refers to any device or system that either forever produces more energy than it consumes (a violation of the law of Conservation of Energy) or spontaneously extracts heat from its surroundings to produce mechanical work (a violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics). Perpetual motion machines have been proposed for centuries, such as in 1150 when the Indian mathematician-astronomer Bhaskara II described a wheel with mercury-filled containers that he believed would turn forever as the mercury moved within the containers, keeping the wheel heavier on one side of the axle. This kind of machine was impossible with the old laws of physics, as it would violate the first or second law of thermodynamics, and only came about with the new laws of physics and access to 7d. A perpetual motion machine can do work infinitely without an external energy source. ![]() Perpetual motion is the motion of bodies that continues forever in an unperturbed system. The drinking bird seemingly bobs back and forth forever along a pivot point while lowering its head into a glass of water and then tilting back
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